History of Mary Queen of Scots Jacob Abbott 1876 Harpers Illustrated Scotland

Description: History of Mary Queen of ScotsAbbott, JacobPublished by Harper & Bros., New York, 1876 Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart[3] or Mary I of Scotland,[4] was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567. The only surviving legitimate child of James V of Scotland, Mary was six days old when her father died and she inherited the throne. During her childhood, Scotland was governed by regents, first by the heir to the throne, James Hamilton, Earl of Arran, and then by her mother, Mary of Guise. In 1548, she was betrothed to Francis, the Dauphin of France, and was sent to be brought up in France, where she would be safe from invading English forces during the Rough Wooing. Mary married Francis in 1558, becoming queen consort of France from his accession in 1559 until his death in December 1560. Widowed, Mary returned to Scotland in August 1561. The tense religious and political climate following the Scottish Reformation that Mary encountered on her return to Scotland was further agitated by prominent Scots such as John Knox, who openly questioned whether her subjects had a duty to obey her. The early years of her personal rule were marked by pragmatism, tolerance, and moderation. She issued a proclamation accepting the religious settlement in Scotland as she had found it upon her return, retained advisers such as James Stewart, Earl of Moray (her illegitimate half-brother), and William Maitland of Lethington, and governed as the Catholic monarch of a Protestant kingdom. Mary married her half-cousin Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, in 1565, and in 1566 she bore him a son James. But their marriage soured after Darnley orchestrated the murder of Mary's Italian secretary and close friend David Rizzio. In February 1567, Darnley's residence was destroyed by an explosion, and he was found murdered in the nearby garden. James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, was generally believed to have orchestrated Darnley's death, but he was acquitted of the charge in April 1567 and in the following month he married Mary. Following an uprising against the couple, Mary was imprisoned in Lochleven Castle. On 24 July 1567, she was forced to abdicate in favour of her one-year-old son James VI. After an unsuccessful attempt to regain the throne, she fled southward seeking the protection of her first cousin once removed, Elizabeth I of England. As a great-granddaughter of Henry VII of England, Mary had once claimed Elizabeth's throne as her own and was considered the legitimate sovereign of England by many English Catholics, including participants in a rebellion known as the Rising of the North. Perceiving Mary as a threat, Elizabeth had her confined in various castles and manor houses in the interior of England. After eighteen-and-a-half years in captivity, Mary was found guilty of plotting to assassinate Elizabeth in 1586 and was beheaded the following year at Fotheringhay Castle. Mary's life and execution established her in popular culture as a romanticised historical character. Common terms and phrasesaccom afterward apartments arrangements arrival asked assemble attendants beautiful began Bothwell Bothwell's called captive Carberry Hill Catholic celebrated ceremony chapel church commissioners course court crown matrimonial Darnley's dauphin death dress Dumbarton Dunbar Dunbar Castle Earl Edinburgh embassador enemies England English crown escape farewell favor four Maries French friends gunpowder Hamilton Holyrood House honor husband Jane Kennedy King Henry King of France ladies land Linlithgow LOCH LEVEN CASTLE Lord James manner marriage married Mary's mother Mary's room mean Melville ment Mons Meg murder Murray nobles occasion Paris party persons plot prince's lords prisoner Protestant Queen Catharine Queen Elizabeth Queen Mary rank regent respect River Clyde Rizzio royal Ruthven ry's scene Scot Scotch Scotland sent shore side soon spectators Stirling Stirling Castle thing thought throne tion took tournament tower treaty of Edinburgh trial wall wife window wished

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End Time: 2025-02-11T18:35:04.000Z

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